Wood Pallets
Recycled and new wood pallets in a range of grades, sizes, and wood species, available through partner suppliers in our San Diego County network.
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The Complete Guide to Wood Pallets
Wood pallets are the most common shipping platform in North America. Wood is strong, repairable, recyclable, and cost-effective. Through SD Re Pallet, you can request recycled and new wood pallets from partner suppliers in our San Diego County network, for orders from a few dozen pallets to full truckloads.
Whether you are shipping consumer goods across town, staging product in a warehouse, or exporting equipment overseas, choosing the right wood pallet starts with understanding the differences between hardwood and softwood, the grading system, and the standard sizes available.
Hardwood vs. Softwood Pallets
Hardwood Pallets
Hardwood pallets are made from deciduous tree species such as Oak, Maple, and Birch. Hardwood has a tighter grain structure and higher density, which translates to greater load-bearing capacity and resistance to damage. A standard hardwood GMA pallet can safely support static loads of 2,500 pounds or more.
The trade-off is weight. Hardwood pallets typically weigh 50 to 70 pounds, compared to 30 to 50 pounds for softwood. This matters when freight costs are calculated by weight or when workers handle pallets manually throughout the day.
Best for: Heavy loads, long-term racking, international shipping, high-value products
Softwood Pallets
Softwood pallets are built from coniferous species like Southern Yellow Pine and Spruce. Southern Yellow Pine is the most common pallet lumber in the United States. It grows quickly, mills easily, and delivers solid structural performance at a lower price point than hardwood.
Softwood pallets are lighter, making them easier to handle and less expensive to ship. They accept nails cleanly without splitting and are easier to repair. For most domestic supply chain applications, softwood pallets provide more than enough strength while keeping costs down.
Best for: Domestic shipping, lightweight goods, high-turnover operations, cost-sensitive budgets
Not sure which wood type is right for your application? Our Wood Types & Durability guide covers density ratings, moisture resistance, and load capacity by species in detail.
Pallet Grades: A, B, and C
Recycled pallets are typically sorted into one of three grades based on structural integrity, cosmetic condition, and dimensional accuracy. Exact definitions vary by supplier; here is what each grade generally means for your operation.
Premium / Like New
- All boards intact with no cracks or splits
- Stringers in excellent condition, no repairs
- Clean appearance, minimal staining
- Tight dimensional tolerances
Ideal for retail display, pharmaceutical supply chains, and any application where appearance and consistency matter.
Standard / Good
- Minor board repairs or replacements (1-2 boards)
- Stringers may have companion repairs
- Some cosmetic wear, staining, or weathering
- Structurally sound and fully functional
Often the best value for domestic shipping, warehouse storage, and general supply chain use. The most commonly used grade.
Economy
- Multiple board replacements
- Visible repairs and cosmetic imperfections
- Mixed lumber species possible
- Meets basic load-bearing requirements
Best for one-way shipments, temporary storage, and applications where cost is the primary concern. Should still be structurally sound for its intended use.
For a detailed breakdown with photos and load specifications, see our Pallet Grading Guide.
Common Standard Sizes
These are the most common pallet sizes. Availability varies by supplier and season. Need a non-standard dimension? Partner suppliers can build custom pallets to order.
| Size (inches) | Common Name | Primary Use | Typical Availability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 48 x 40 | GMA Pallet | Grocery, retail, general freight | Widely available |
| 42 x 42 | Telecom / Paint | Telecommunications, paint drums | Widely available |
| 48 x 48 | Drum Pallet | Drums, barrels, square loads | Widely available |
| 36 x 36 | Beverage Pallet | Beverages, small footprint goods | Limited |
| 48 x 45 | Automotive Pallet | Automotive parts and assemblies | Widely available |
| 31.5 x 47.25 | Euro Pallet (800x1200mm) | European imports/exports | By Request |
Visit our Pallet Size Guide for detailed dimensions, weight capacities, and information about GMA pallets and Euro pallets.
What Affects Wood Pallet Pricing
Wood pallet pricing depends on several interrelated factors. Understanding them helps you make smarter purchasing decisions and optimize your pallet spend.
Grade
Grade A pallets cost more than Grade B and C, which is why Grade B is often the best value for most applications.
Wood Species
Hardwood pallets usually cost more than softwood due to higher raw material prices and slower growth cycles.
Size and Configuration
Standard 48x40 pallets are the most affordable due to high supply. Non-standard sizes require custom cutting and cost more. Four-way entry, block pallets, and wing pallets carry premiums.
Order Volume
Larger orders usually get better per-unit pricing, with truckload quantities typically priced lowest. Some suppliers offer scheduled delivery programs for consistent-volume buyers.
Treatment
Heat treatment (ISPM-15) adds cost but is required for international export. Kiln-dried pallets for moisture-sensitive goods also carry a modest premium.
Market Conditions
Lumber commodity prices affect new pallet costs directly and recycled pallet costs indirectly. Seasonal demand can tighten supply on popular sizes.
Detailed Specifications by Grade
The table below compares typical Grade A, B, and C recycled wood pallets across key performance metrics and typical applications for the standard GMA 48x40 size. Figures are general industry ranges and vary by supplier.
| Specification | Grade A (Premium) | Grade B (Standard) | Grade C (Economy) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dimensions (standard) | 48" x 40" +/- 1/8" | 48" x 40" +/- 1/4" | 48" x 40" +/- 3/8" |
| Static Load Capacity | 3,500 - 4,500 lbs | 2,800 - 3,800 lbs | 2,000 - 3,000 lbs |
| Dynamic Load Capacity | 2,500 - 3,000 lbs | 2,000 - 2,800 lbs | 1,500 - 2,200 lbs |
| Racking Capacity | 1,800 - 2,500 lbs | 1,200 - 2,000 lbs | Not recommended |
| Weight (typical) | 45 - 55 lbs | 40 - 55 lbs | 35 - 55 lbs |
| Board Replacements | 0 (all original) | 1 - 2 boards max | 3+ boards possible |
| Stringer Condition | No repairs, no damage | Companion repairs OK | Multiple repairs OK |
| Typical Uses | Retail display, pharma, racking | Domestic shipping, warehousing | One-way shipments, temp storage |
Pricing is by quote from partner suppliers and depends on grade, size, quantity and timing. Request a quote for your specific requirements.
Wood Species Comparison
The species of wood used in a pallet directly affects its weight, strength, durability, and cost. Here is a comparison of the most common pallet lumber species.
| Species | Type | Density (lb/ft3) | Janka Hardness | Nail Holding | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southern Yellow Pine | Softwood | 34 - 41 | 690 lbf | Excellent | General purpose, high volume |
| Red Oak | Hardwood | 44 | 1,290 lbf | Very Good | Heavy loads, long racking |
| Hard Maple | Hardwood | 44 | 1,450 lbf | Good | Maximum strength, premium apps |
| Spruce | Softwood | 28 - 33 | 490 lbf | Good | Lightweight, cost-effective |
| White Birch | Hardwood | 38 - 43 | 1,260 lbf | Good | Balanced strength and weight |
| Poplar / Cottonwood | Hardwood | 28 - 34 | 540 lbf | Fair | Light-duty, budget applications |
Many recycled pallets are Southern Yellow Pine or mixed hardwood. If you need a specific species, indicate that when requesting your quote so the partner supplier can confirm availability.
Moisture Content Standards
Moisture content in pallet lumber directly affects structural integrity, weight, mold susceptibility, and product safety. Freshly milled green lumber can contain 30 to 80 percent moisture content, while properly dried pallet lumber should be below 19 percent.
Recycled pallets come in at varying moisture levels depending on their previous storage conditions. For indoor warehouse use, it is worth asking the supplier about moisture levels. For moisture-sensitive applications such as electronics, paper products, or food packaging, consider specifying kiln-dried pallets with moisture content below 14 percent.
Kiln-dried (KD) pallets are heated in a controlled environment to reduce moisture content to between 10 and 14 percent. This process costs slightly more than air-dried pallets but provides better dimensional stability and greatly reduces the risk of mold growth. Ask about KD pallets when you request a quote.
Air-Dried Pallets
Moisture content: 15 - 22%. Suitable for general warehousing, domestic shipping, and most standard supply chain applications. The most cost-effective option.
Kiln-Dried (KD) Pallets
Moisture content: 10 - 14%. Often specified for electronics, paper, pharmaceuticals, and other moisture-sensitive cargo. Greatly reduces mold risk and lowers pallet weight.
Green / Unseasoned Lumber
Moisture content: 30%+. Only found in budget new pallets. Not recommended for enclosed shipping, food contact, or long-term storage. Higher risk of warping, mold, and staining.
Fumigation vs. Heat Treatment for Export
International phytosanitary regulations under ISPM-15 require all solid wood packaging materials crossing international borders to be treated against invasive pests. There are two approved methods: methyl bromide fumigation (MB) and heat treatment (HT). Understanding the differences is critical for exporters.
| Factor | Heat Treatment (HT) | Methyl Bromide (MB) |
|---|---|---|
| Process | Core temp raised to 56C (132.8F) for 30 min | Chemical gas applied in sealed chamber |
| Chemical Residue | None | Trace chemical residue |
| Accepted Globally | All ISPM-15 countries | Restricted in many countries; check current regulations |
| Environmental Impact | Low (energy only) | High (ozone-depleting substance) |
| Re-treatment Required | Only if pallet is repaired with untreated wood | Must be re-fumigated after repair |
| Common Practice | Widely preferred method | Being phased out in many countries |
Heat-treated pallets are available through partner suppliers in our network. Heat treatment is widely accepted and does not introduce chemicals into your supply chain. Compliant heat-treated pallets carry the IPPC/HT stamp; partner suppliers can supply ISPM-15 stamped pallets on request.
Stacking Guidelines and Storage Recommendations
Safe Stacking Practices
Proper stacking of loaded pallets helps prevent workplace injuries, product damage, and warehouse incidents. These are general good practices; check current regulations and your site's own safety rules for height limits.
- Keep floor-stacked loaded pallets to a height that stays stable for the load and your equipment
- Stack empty pallets flat on level ground and keep stacks low enough to stay stable
- If empty pallets are stored on edge, use end supports to keep rows from tipping
- Always align stringers directly over lower-level stringers for columnar load transfer
- Use anti-slip pads between layers to prevent shifting
- Never stack pallets of mixed sizes; maintain uniform dimensions per stack
Storage Recommendations
How you store pallets before use affects their condition, moisture content, and longevity. Follow these best practices to get the most value from your pallet investment.
- Store pallets in a covered, well-ventilated area whenever possible to prevent moisture absorption and mold growth
- Keep pallets off bare ground by placing them on concrete, asphalt, or gravel surfaces
- Allow at least 4 inches of airflow between pallet stacks and walls
- Rotate stock using FIFO (first in, first out) to prevent prolonged outdoor exposure
- Inspect stored pallets monthly and remove any showing signs of mold, insect activity, or structural deterioration
- Keep heat-treated pallets awaiting export under cover so they stay dry and free of mold
Benefits of Recycled Wood Pallets
Lower Cost
Recycled pallets typically cost less than new. For domestic shipping where brand-new pallets are not required, choosing recycled can reduce what you spend on pallets.
Environmental Impact
Reusing a pallet avoids building a new one and keeps roughly 40 to 60 pounds of wood in service instead of a landfill. Repair can extend a pallet's life by multiple use cycles, reducing demand for new lumber. Learn more about pallet reuse and sustainability.
Reliable Performance
Good Grade A and B recycled pallets can handle typical loads much like new pallets. Recycled pallets are normally sorted and repaired, with stringers, deck boards, and nails checked for structural integrity. Read more about how the process works.